Kupewa Khansa ya Chiwindi

Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa ya Chiwindi

Khansa ya chiwindi ndi matenda omwe maselo oipa (khansa) amapangika m'maselo a chiwindi.

Chiwindi ndi chimodzi mwa ziwalo zazikulu kwambiri m'thupi. Chili ndi madera awiri ndipo chimadzaza mbali yakumanja ya mimba mkati mwa nthiti. Ntchito zitatu zofunika kwambiri za chiwindi ndi izi:

• Kusefa zinthu zovulaza kuchokera m'magazi kuti zizitha kufalikira kuchokera m'thupi kudzera mu ndowe ndi mkodzo.
• Kupanga ndulu kuti ithandize kugaya mafuta kuchokera muzakudya.
• Kusunga glycogen (shuga), yomwe thupi limagwiritsa ntchito kuti likhale ndi mphamvu.

Kupeza ndi kuchiza khansa ya chiwindi msanga kungalepheretse imfa yochokera ku khansa ya chiwindi.

Kutenga matenda a mitundu ina ya kachilombo ka hepatitis kungayambitse matenda a hepatitis ndipo kungayambitse khansa ya chiwindi.

Matenda a chiwindi nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo ka chiwindi. Matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa kutupa kwa chiwindi. Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi komwe kumatenga nthawi yayitali kungapangitse kuti pakhale khansa ya chiwindi.

Matenda a chiwindi a mtundu wa B (HBV) ndi a mtundu wa C (HCV) ndi mitundu iwiri ya kachilombo ka chiwindi. Matenda osatha a HBV kapena HCV amatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi.

1. Chiwindi cha chiwindi B

Matenda a HBV amayamba chifukwa chokhudzana ndi magazi, umuna, kapena madzi ena amthupi a munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HBV. Matendawa amatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana panthawi yobereka, kudzera mu kugonana, kapena pogawana singano zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobaya mankhwala. Zingayambitse zipsera m'chiwindi (cirrhosis) zomwe zingayambitse khansa ya chiwindi.

2. Chiwindi cha chiwindi C

Matenda a HCV amayamba chifukwa chokhudzana ndi magazi a munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HCV. Matendawa amatha kufalikira mwa kugawana singano zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobaya mankhwala kapena, kawirikawiri, kudzera mu kugonana. Kale, ankafalikiranso panthawi yoika magazi kapena kuika ziwalo zina. Masiku ano, mabanki a magazi amayesa magazi onse operekedwa kuti aone ngati ali ndi kachilombo ka HCV, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka chifukwa choika magazi. Zingayambitse zipsera m'chiwindi (cirrhosis) zomwe zingayambitse khansa ya chiwindi.

Kupewa Khansa ya Chiwindi

Kupewa zinthu zomwe zingakuike pachiwopsezo ndi kuwonjezera zinthu zodzitetezera kungathandize kupewa khansa.

Kupewa zinthu zomwe zingakuchititseni khansa kungathandize kupewa khansa zina. Zinthu zomwe zingakuchititseni khansa ndi monga kusuta fodya, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira. Zinthu zina zodzitetezera monga kusiya kusuta fodya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi zingathandizenso kupewa khansa zina. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wina wazaumoyo za momwe mungachepetsere chiopsezo chanu cha khansa.

Matenda a Hepatitis B ndi C osatha ndi zinthu zomwe zingayambitse khansa ya chiwindi.

Kukhala ndi matenda a chiwindi a B (HBV) osatha kapena matenda a chiwindi a C osatha (HCV) kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya chiwindi. Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HBV ndi HCV, komanso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zinthu zina zoopsa kuwonjezera pa kachilombo ka chiwindi. Amuna omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a HBV kapena HCV osatha ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya chiwindi kuposa akazi omwe ali ndi matenda omwewo osatha.

Matenda a HBV osatha ndi omwe amayambitsa khansa ya chiwindi ku Asia ndi Africa. Matenda a HCV osatha ndi omwe amayambitsa khansa ya chiwindi ku North America, Europe, ndi Japan.

Nazi zina mwa zinthu zomwe zingayambitse khansa ya chiwindi:

1. Matenda a chiwindi

Chiwopsezo chotenga khansa ya chiwindi chimawonjezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi otchedwa cirrhosis, matenda omwe minofu ya chiwindi yathanzi imalowedwa m'malo ndi minofu ya chilonda. Minofu ya chilonda imatseka kuyenda kwa magazi m'chiwindi ndikulepheretsa kugwira ntchito momwe ziyenera kukhalira. Kuledzera kosatha komanso matenda a chiwindi osatha ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a chiwindi. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi okhudzana ndi HCV ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya chiwindi kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi okhudzana ndi HBV kapena kumwa mowa.

2. Kumwa mowa wambiri

Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa kwambiri kungayambitse matenda a chiwindi otchedwa cirrhosis, omwe ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya chiwindi. Khansa ya chiwindi ikhozanso kuchitika mwa anthu omwe amamwa mowa kwambiri omwe alibe matenda a chiwindi otchedwa cirrhosis. Anthu omwe amamwa mowa kwambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi otchedwa cirrhosis ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza khansa ya chiwindi kuwirikiza kakhumi, poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe amamwa mowa kwambiri omwe alibe matenda a chiwindi otchedwa cirrhosis.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pali chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya chiwindi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a HBV kapena HCV omwe amamwa mowa kwambiri.

3. Aflatoxin B1

Chiwopsezo chotenga khansa ya chiwindi chingawonjezeke mwa kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi aflatoxin B1 (poizoni wochokera ku bowa womwe ungamere pa zakudya monga chimanga ndi mtedza, zomwe zasungidwa m'malo otentha komanso achinyezi). Imapezeka kwambiri ku sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, ndi China.

4. Matenda a chiwindi osagwiritsa ntchito mowa (NASH)

Matenda a chiwindi otchedwa nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) ndi matenda omwe angayambitse zipsera m'chiwindi (cirrhosis) zomwe zingayambitse khansa ya chiwindi. Ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri a chiwindi otchedwa nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), komwe kuli mafuta ambiri m'chiwindi. Mwa anthu ena, izi zingayambitse kutupa (kutupa) ndi kuvulala kwa maselo a chiwindi.

Kukhala ndi matenda a chiwindi okhudzana ndi NASH kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya chiwindi. Khansa ya chiwindi yapezekanso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi NASH omwe alibe matenda a chiwindi.

5. Kusuta ndudu

Kusuta fodya kwagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya chiwindi. Chiwopsezocho chimawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa ndudu zomwe zimasuta patsiku komanso zaka zomwe munthuyo wakhala akusuta.

6. Mikhalidwe ina

Matenda ena osowa azachipatala komanso majini angapangitse kuti pakhale chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi. Matendawa ndi awa:

• Hemochromatosis yobadwa nayo (HH) yosachiritsidwa.
• Kusowa kwa Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT).
• Matenda osungira glycogen.
• Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT).
• Matenda a Wilson.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zodzitetezera zitha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi:

1. Katemera wa Hepatitis B

Kupewa matenda a HBV (mwa kulandira katemera wa HBV ali wakhanda) kwawonetsedwa kuti kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi mwa ana. Sizikudziwikabe ngati kulandira katemera kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi mwa akuluakulu.

2. Chithandizo cha matenda a chiwindi cha mtundu wa B osatha

Njira zina zothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a HBV osatha ndi monga interferon ndi nucleos(t)ide analog (NA). Mankhwalawa angachepetse chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya chiwindi.

3. Kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi aflatoxin B1

Kusintha zakudya zomwe zili ndi aflatoxin B1 yambiri ndi zakudya zomwe zili ndi poizoni wochepa kwambiri kungachepetse chiopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi.

Chitsime:http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR433423&type=1