Kutanthauzira Kwathunthu kwa Chithandizo cha Ma cell a CAR T

CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell), yomwe imayimira chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, ndi njira yomwe maselo a T a munthu amapangidwa majini kunja kwa thupi kuti asinthidwe, zomwe zimawapatsa mphamvu yozindikira ndikupha bwino maselo a khansa asanalowetsedwenso m'thupi la wodwalayo, potero kukwaniritsa cholinga chochiza zotupa zoopsa.
Ndipotu, chithandizo cha CAR-T sichimangogwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa komanso chili ndi mphamvu zambiri m'magawo a matenda odziteteza ku matenda opatsirana, matenda osatha, matenda a mtima, ndi matenda okhudzana ndi ukalamba.
Maselo a T, omwe amadziwikanso kuti T lymphocytes, ndi omwe ali m'gulu la ma lymphocytes ndipo makamaka ndi omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chizigwira ntchito komanso kuteteza matenda. Amagwira ntchito monga kupha maselo omwe akufuna kudwala mwachindunji, kuthandiza ndikuletsa maselo a B kupanga ma antibodies, kuyankha ma antigen ndi mitogens enaake, komanso kupanga ma cytokines.
Zachidziwikire, chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu sichimangokhala pa maselo a T okha; chimaphatikizaponso maselo a B, ma neutrophils, maselo a K, maselo a NK, ndi ena ambiri. Amagwira ntchito yochotsa zinyalala m'thupi, kuzindikira ndikupanga ma antibodies, komanso kuzindikira ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi maselo a khansa.
Popeza maselo a T ali kale ndi ntchito yozindikira ndi kupha maselo a khansa, n’chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira kuwonjezera CAR ku maselo a T mwadala kuti apange maselo a CAR-T kuti aphe maselo a khansa? Izi zikutifikitsa ku lingaliro la kupewa chitetezo cha mthupi, lomwe ndi limodzi mwa makhalidwe ofunikira kwambiri a khansa.
Chithandizo cha CAR-T, kapena chithandizo cha maselo a CAR-T, chimaphatikizapo kulekanitsa maselo a T a wodwalayo, kuwakulitsa kunja kwa thupi, kenako n’kuyambitsa chotupa cha CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) chopangidwa mwaluso ku maselo a T. Pambuyo pokonza, ntchito yolimbana ndi chotupa ya ma lymphocyte a T imawonjezeka kwambiri isanalowetsedwenso m’thupi la wodwalayo, motero kubwezeretsa mphamvu ya maselo a T kuzindikira ndi kupha maselo a khansa. Ichi ndiye cholinga cha chithandizo cha maselo a CAR-T.
Chithandizo cha CAR-T cha Impact Bio cha IMPT-514 chavomerezedwa ndi FDA.
Pa Ogasiti 21, 2024, Impact Bio idalengeza kuti FDA yavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwa IND pa chithandizo cha IMPT-514 chomwe idapanga. IMPT-514 ndi chithandizo cha CD19/CD20 CAR-T chogwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a lupus erythematosus (SLE) omwe sagwira ntchito. Mu deta yoyesera zachipatala, IMPT-514 idawonetsedwa kuti imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri popanga kuchokera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka kwambiri kuchokera ku matenda osiyanasiyana a autoimmune, ndipo idawonetsa mphamvu yamphamvu yochotsera maselo a B ndi mawonekedwe ofatsa a cytokine. Chithandizo cha Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T cha lymphoma yayikulu ya B-cell chikuwonetsabe kuyankha kosalekeza patatha zaka zisanu. Pa Ogasiti 2, 2024, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) idatulutsa lipoti la deta yokhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe apulumuka nthawi yayitali pambuyo pa chithandizo cha maselo a CAR-T. Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti pakati pa odwala omwe adalandira chithandizo cha CAR-T, chiwerengero cha kupulumuka kwa zaka 5 chopanda kupita patsogolo chinali 29%, chiwerengero cha kupulumuka kwa zaka 5 (OS) chinali 40%, ndipo chiwerengero cha kupulumuka kwa zaka 5 chokhudzana ndi lymphoma chinali 53%, ndipo kubwereranso mwakale kunali kochepa. Axicabtagene ciloleucel ndi chithandizo cha maselo a autologous CD19 chimeric antigen receptor CAR-T chomwe chavomerezedwa kuchiza lymphoma yayikulu ya B-cell yobwereranso kapena yokana. Kutsiliza: Mu chisamaliro chokhazikika, zotsatira za chithandizo cha axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T zimagwirizana ndi zotsatira zomwe zanenedwa m'mayesero azachipatala, ndi mayankho okhazikika komanso okhazikika omwe adawonedwa pazaka 5.
Chithandizo choyamba cha CAR-T chopambana padziko lonse lapansi cha matenda odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune.

Pa Okutobala 4, 2024, tsamba la Nature linalemba nkhani yofotokoza zotsatira za kafukufuku wochokera ku gulu la ku China. Asayansi adagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosintha majini a CRISPR-Cas9 kuti apange maselo athanzi a CAR-T ochokera kwa opereka omwe akuyang'ana CD19, ndikupanga mbadwo watsopano wa chithandizo cha CAR-T chomwe chinathandiza odwala atatu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a autoimmune kuti athetse vutoli kwa nthawi yayitali.