Kupewa Khansa ya Colorectal

Zambiri Zokhudza Khansa ya Colorectal

Khansara ya colorectal ndi matenda omwe ma cell oyipa (khansa) amapanga m'matumbo am'matumbo kapena m'matumbo.
M'matumbo ndi mbali ya m'mimba ya m'mimba.Dongosolo la m'mimba limachotsa ndi kukonza zakudya (mavitamini, mchere, chakudya, mafuta, mapuloteni, ndi madzi) kuchokera muzakudya ndikuthandizira kuchotsa zinyalala m'thupi.Dongosolo la chakudya limapangidwa ndi kamwa, mmero, mmero, m'mimba, ndi matumbo aang'ono ndi akulu.M'matumbo (matumbo akulu) ndi gawo loyamba la matumbo akulu ndipo ndi kutalika kwa 5 mapazi.Pamodzi, ngalande ya rectum ndi matako imapanga gawo lomaliza la matumbo akulu ndipo ndi mainchesi 6 mpaka 8.Kuthako kumathera ku anus (kutsegula kwa matumbo akuluakulu kunja kwa thupi).

Kupewa Khansa ya Colorectal

Kupewa zinthu zoopsa komanso kuwonjezera zinthu zodzitetezera kungathandize kupewa khansa.
Kupewa zinthu zomwe zingayambitse khansa kungathandize kupewa khansa zina.Zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi ndi monga kusuta, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira.Kuonjezera zinthu zodzitetezera monga kusiya kusuta ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungathandizenso kupewa khansa zina.Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wina wa zaumoyo za momwe mungachepetsere chiopsezo cha khansa.

Zotsatirazi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya colorectal:

1. Zaka

Kuopsa kwa khansa ya m'mimba kumawonjezeka pambuyo pa zaka 50. Matenda ambiri a khansa ya m'mimba amapezeka pambuyo pa zaka 50.

2. Mbiri ya banja la khansa ya m'mimba
Kukhala ndi kholo, mchimwene, mlongo, kapena mwana yemwe ali ndi khansa yapakhungu kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha munthu kudwala khansa yapakhungu.

3. Mbiri yaumwini
Kukhala ndi mbiri ya zinthu zotsatirazi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mimba:

• Khansara yam'mimba yam'mbuyo.
• Adenomas omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu (ma polyp amtundu wa colorectal omwe ndi 1 centimita kapena kukulirapo kapena omwe ali ndi ma cell omwe amawoneka ngati achilendo pansi pa maikulosikopu).
• Khansa ya ovarian.
• Kutupa kwamatumbo (monga ulcerative colitis kapena Crohn matenda).

4. Chiwopsezo chobadwa nacho

Kuopsa kwa khansa ya m'mimba kumawonjezeka pamene kusintha kwa majini okhudzana ndi adenomatous polyposis (FAP) kapena khansa ya m'matumbo yopanda cholowa (HNPCC kapena Lynch Syndrome) yatengera.

5. Mowa

Kumwa mowa katatu kapena kuposerapo patsiku kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mimba.Kumwa mowa kumalumikizidwanso ndi chiopsezo chopanga ma colorectal adenomas (benign tumors).

6. Kusuta fodya
Kusuta fodya kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa yapakhungu komanso kufa ndi khansa yapakhungu.
Kusuta ndudu kumalumikizidwanso ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chopanga colorectal adenomas.Osuta ndudu omwe adachitidwapo opaleshoni kuchotsa colorectal adenomas ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezereka kuti adenomas abwererenso (kubwerera).

7. Mpikisano
Anthu aku America aku America ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha khansa yapakhungu komanso kufa ndi khansa yapakhungu poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina.

8. Kunenepa kwambiri
Kunenepa kwambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya colorectal komanso kufa ndi khansa yapakhungu.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zoteteza zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya colorectal:

1. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Moyo womwe umaphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse umagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa chiwopsezo cha khansa yapakhungu.

2. Aspirin
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kumwa aspirin kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mimba komanso chiopsezo cha imfa ndi khansa ya m'mimba.Kuchepa kwachiwopsezo kumayamba zaka 10 mpaka 20 odwala ayamba kumwa aspirin.
Kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito aspirin (100 mg kapena kuchepera) tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lililonse kumaphatikizapo chiopsezo cha sitiroko ndi kutaya magazi m'mimba ndi m'matumbo.Kuopsa kumeneku kungakhale kokulirapo pakati pa okalamba, amuna, ndi omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yokhudzana ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotaya magazi.

3. Chithandizo chophatikizira cha mahomoni
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuphatikiza ma hormone replacement therapy (HRT) omwe amaphatikizapo estrogen ndi progestin amachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya colorectal mwa amayi omwe ali ndi vuto losiya kusamba.
Komabe, mwa amayi omwe amatenga HRT yosakanikirana ndikukhala ndi khansa ya m'mimba, khansarayo imakhala yowonjezereka kwambiri ikapezeka ndipo chiopsezo cha kufa ndi khansa ya m'mimba sichimachepa.
Zowopsa zomwe zingaphatikizidwe ndi HRT zimaphatikizapo chiwopsezo chowonjezereka chokhala ndi:

• Khansa ya m'mawere.
• Matenda a mtima.
• Kuundana kwa magazi.

4. Kuchotsa polyp
Ma polyps ambiri amakhala adenomas, omwe amatha kukhala khansa.Kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tokulirapo kuposa 1 centimita (kakulidwe ka nandolo) kungachepetse chiopsezo cha khansa yapakhungu.Sizikudziwika ngati kuchotsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mimba.
Zowopsa zomwe zingachitike pakuchotsa polyp pa colonoscopy kapena sigmoidoscopy zimaphatikizapo kung'ambika kwa khoma la m'matumbo ndi kutuluka magazi.

Sizikudziwika ngati zotsatirazi zimakhudza chiopsezo cha khansa ya colorectal:

1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) kupatula aspirin
Sizikudziwika ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutupa kapena ma NSAID (monga sulindac, celecoxib, naproxen, ndi ibuprofen) kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa yapakhungu.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kumwa celecoxib nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha colorectal adenomas (benign tumors) kubwerera atachotsedwa.Sizikudziwika ngati izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiopsezo chochepa cha khansa ya m'mimba.
Kutenga sulindac kapena celecoxib kwawonetsedwa kuti kumachepetsa kuchuluka ndi kukula kwa ma polyps omwe amapangidwa m'matumbo ndi rectum ya anthu omwe ali ndi familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).Sizikudziwika ngati izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiopsezo chochepa cha khansa ya m'mimba.
Zowopsa zomwe zingakhalepo za NSAID ndi izi:

• Mavuto a impso.
• Kutuluka magazi m'mimba, m'matumbo, kapena muubongo.
• Mavuto a mtima monga matenda a mtima ndi congestive heart failure.

2. Kashiamu
Sizikudziwika ngati kumwa mankhwala a calcium kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya colorectal.

3. Zakudya
Sizikudziwika ngati kudya zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri ndi nyama komanso ulusi wambiri, zipatso, ndi ndiwo zamasamba kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m’matumbo.
Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti kudya zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri, zomanga thupi, zopatsa mphamvu, ndi nyama kumawonjezera ngozi ya khansa ya m’mimba, koma kafukufuku wina sanatero.

Zinthu zotsatirazi sizikhudza chiwopsezo cha khansa yapakhungu:

1. Kuchiza kwa mahomoni ndi estrogen kokha
Thandizo lolowa m'malo mwa mahomoni ndi estrogen kokha sikuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya m'matumbo kapena kufa ndi khansa yapakhungu.

2. Ma Statin
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kumwa ma statins (mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol) sikuchulukitsa kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa yapakhungu.

Mayesero azachipatala a kupewa khansa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira njira zopewera khansa.
Mayesero azachipatala a kupewa khansa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza njira zochepetsera chiopsezo chokhala ndi mitundu ina ya khansa.Mayesero ena oletsa khansa amachitidwa ndi anthu athanzi omwe alibe khansa koma omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa.Mayesero ena opewera amachitidwa ndi anthu amene ali ndi khansa ndipo akuyesera kupewa khansa ina ya mtundu womwewo kapena kuchepetsa mwayi wawo wokhala ndi mtundu watsopano wa khansa.Mayesero ena amachitidwa ndi odzipereka athanzi omwe sakudziwika kuti ali ndi chiopsezo cha khansa.
Cholinga cha mayeso ena azachipatala opewa khansa ndikuwona ngati zomwe anthu amachita zitha kupewa khansa.Izi zingaphatikizepo kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri kapena kusiya kusuta kapena kumwa mankhwala enaake, mavitamini, mchere, kapena zakudya zina.
Njira zatsopano zopewera khansa yapakhungu zikuphunziridwa m'mayesero azachipatala.

Kuchokera: http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR258007&type=1