"Khansa" ndi "chiwanda" choopsa kwambiri pamankhwala amakono.Anthu akulabadira kwambiri kuyezetsa ndi kupewa khansa."Zolemba zotupa," monga chida chosavuta chowunikira, chakhala chofunikira kwambiri.Komabe, kudalira zolembera zokwezeka za chotupa nthawi zambiri kungayambitse malingaliro olakwika okhudza momwe zilili.
Kodi Zolemba Zotupa Ndi Chiyani?
Mwachidule, zolembera zotupa zimatchula mapuloteni osiyanasiyana, chakudya, ma enzyme, ndi mahomoni opangidwa m'thupi la munthu.Zolemba za chotupa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zowunikira kuti muzindikire khansara.Komabe, chithandizo chachipatala cha cholembera chimodzi chokwezeka pang'ono ndi chochepa.Muzochita zachipatala, zochitika zosiyanasiyana monga matenda, kutupa, ndi mimba zingayambitse kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro zotupa.Kuphatikiza apo, zizolowezi zosayenera monga kusuta, kumwa mowa, komanso kugona mochedwa zimathanso kuyambitsa zotupa zokwezeka.Chifukwa chake, madotolo nthawi zambiri amasamala kwambiri zakusintha kwa chotupa pakapita nthawi m'malo mosinthasintha pang'ono pamayeso amodzi.Komabe, ngati chotupa china, monga CEA kapena AFP (zolemba zotupa za khansa ya m'mapapo ndi chiwindi), chikwezeka kwambiri, kufika masauzande angapo kapena masauzande, zimafunikira chisamaliro ndikufufuzanso.
Kufunika kwa Zolemba Zotupa Pakuwunika Kwambiri Khansa
Zolemba za chotupa si umboni wotsimikizika wotsimikizira khansa, komabe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika khansa nthawi zina.Zolemba zina zotupa zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, monga AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) za khansa ya chiwindi.M'zochitika zachipatala, kukwera kwachilendo kwa AFP, pamodzi ndi mayesero oyerekeza ndi mbiri ya matenda a chiwindi, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati umboni wofufuza khansa ya chiwindi.Momwemonso, zolembera zina zokwezeka zotupa zimatha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa zotupa mwa munthu yemwe akuyesedwa.
Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti kuyezetsa konse khansa kuyenera kuphatikizapo kuyezetsa chotupa.Timalimbikitsakuwunika cholembera chotupa makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu:
- Anthu azaka zapakati pa 40 ndi kupitirira omwe ali ndi mbiri yosuta fodya (nthawi yosuta imachulukitsidwa ndi ndudu zomwe amasuta patsiku> 400).
- Anthu azaka zapakati pa 40 ndi kupitilira omwe amamwa mowa mwauchidakwa kapena matenda a chiwindi (monga hepatitis A, B, C, kapena cirrhosis).
- Anthu azaka 40 ndi kupitilira omwe ali ndi matenda a Helicobacter pylori m'mimba kapena gastritis yosatha.
- Anthu azaka zapakati pa 40 ndi kupitilira apo omwe ali ndi mbiri yakubanja ya khansa (oposa wachibale wachindunji wamagazi omwe adapezeka ndi khansa yamtundu womwewo).
Udindo wa Zolemba Zotupa mu Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Adjuvant
Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zosintha zolembera zotupa ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti madotolo asinthe munthawi yake njira zothana ndi khansa ndikuwongolera chithandizo chonse.M'malo mwake, zotsatira za mayeso a chotupa zimasiyana kwa wodwala aliyense.Odwala ena amatha kukhala ndi zolembera za chotupa zabwinobwino, pomwe ena amatha kufika makumi kapena mazana masauzande.Izi zikutanthauza kuti tilibe miyezo yokhazikika yoyezera kusintha kwawo.Chifukwa chake, kumvetsetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa chotupa chapadera kwa wodwala aliyense kumapanga maziko owunika momwe matendawa akupitira kudzera zolembera zotupa.
Dongosolo lodalirika lowunika liyenera kukhala ndi mikhalidwe iwiri:"Specific"ndi"sensitivity":
Mwatsatanetsatane:Izi zikutanthauza ngati kusintha kwa zolembera zotupa kumagwirizana ndi momwe wodwalayo alili.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati tipeza kuti AFP (alpha-fetoprotein, chotupa cha khansa ya chiwindi) cha wodwala khansa ya chiwindi chili pamwamba pamlingo wabwinobwino, cholembera cha chotupa chake chikuwonetsa "chapadera."Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati AFP ya wodwala khansa ya m'mapapo iposa momwemo, kapena ngati munthu wathanzi ali ndi AFP yokwezeka, kukwera kwawo kwa AFP sikuwonetsa zenizeni.
Kukhudzika:Izi zikuwonetsa ngati zolembera zotupa za wodwala zimasintha ndikukula kwa chotupacho.
Mwachitsanzo, pakuwunika kwamphamvu, ngati tiwona kuti CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen, chotupa chodziwika bwino cha khansa ya m'mapapo yosakhala yaying'ono) ya wodwala khansa ya m'mapapo imakula kapena kutsika limodzi ndi kusintha kwa kukula kwa chotupa, ndikutsatira njira ya chithandizo. titha kudziwa poyambira kukhudzika kwa cholembera chawo.
Zolemba zodalirika zokhala ndi chotupa (zodziwika komanso kukhudzidwa) zikakhazikitsidwa, odwala ndi madotolo amatha kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane momwe wodwalayo alili potengera kusintha kwa zolembera zotupa.Njira imeneyi imakhala ndi phindu lalikulu kwa madokotala kuti apange ndondomeko zolondola zachipatala ndikusintha njira zochiritsira zaumwini.
Odwala amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwamphamvu kwa zolembera zawo zotupa kuti awone kukana kwa mankhwala ena ndikupewa kukula kwa matenda chifukwa cha kukana mankhwala.Komabe,ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolembera zotupa poyesa momwe wodwalayo alili ndi njira yowonjezera kwa madokotala polimbana ndi khansa ndipo sikuyenera kuganiziridwa kuti ndi njira yolowa m'malo mwa muyezo wagolide wotsata chisamaliro chotsatira - kuyezetsa zithunzi zachipatala (kuphatikiza ma CT scans. MRI, PET-CT, etc.).
Zolemba Zodziwika za Chotupa: Ndi Chiyani?
AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein):
Alpha-fetoprotein ndi glycoprotein yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi ma embryonic stem cell.Miyezo yokwera imatha kuwonetsa matenda monga khansa ya chiwindi.
CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen):
Kuchuluka kwa antigen ya carcinoembryonic kungasonyeze matenda osiyanasiyana a khansa, kuphatikizapo khansa ya m'mimba, khansa ya m'mimba, khansa ya m'mimba, ndi khansa ya m'mawere.
CA 199 (Carbohydrate Antigen 199):
Magulu okwera a carbohydrate antigen 199 amawonedwa kawirikawiri mu khansa ya kapamba ndi matenda ena monga khansa ya ndulu, khansa ya chiwindi, ndi khansa ya m'matumbo.
CA 125 (Cancer Antigen 125):
Cancer antigen 125 imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chothandizira cha khansa ya m'mawere ndipo imapezekanso mu khansa ya m'mawere, khansa ya m'mawere, ndi khansa ya m'mimba.
TA 153 (Chotupa Antigen 153):
Magulu okwera a chotupa antigen 153 amapezeka kwambiri mu khansa ya m'mawere ndipo amapezekanso mu khansa ya m'mawere, khansa ya pancreatic, ndi khansa ya chiwindi.
CA 50 (Cancer Antigen 50):
Cancer antigen 50 ndi cholembera chosadziwika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chothandizira cha khansa ya kapamba, khansa ya colorectal, khansa ya m'mimba, ndi matenda ena.
CA 242 (Carbohydrate Antigen 242):
Zotsatira zabwino za carbohydrate antigen 242 nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zotupa zam'mimba.
β2-Microglobulin:
β2-microglobulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyang'anira ntchito yaimpso ya tubular ndipo imatha kuwonjezeka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto laimpso, kutupa, kapena zotupa.
Serum Ferritin:
Kuchepa kwa serum ferritin kumatha kuwonedwa mumikhalidwe monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, pomwe milingo yowonjezereka imatha kuwoneka m'matenda monga leukemia, matenda a chiwindi, ndi zotupa zowopsa.
NSE (Neuron-Specific Enolase):
Neuron-specific enolase ndi puloteni yomwe imapezeka m'maselo a neuroendocrine ndi neuroendocrine.Ndi chotupa chodziwika bwino cha khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo.
hCG (Gonadotropin ya Chorionic ya Anthu):
Chorionic gonadotropin yaumunthu ndi mahomoni okhudzana ndi mimba.Milingo yokwezeka imatha kuwonetsa kukhala ndi pakati, komanso matenda monga khansa ya pachibelekero, khansa ya m'chiberekero, ndi zotupa za testicular.
TNF (Chotupa Necrosis Factor):
Tumor necrosis factor imakhudzidwa ndikupha maselo otupa, chitetezo chamthupi, komanso zotupa.Kuwonjezeka kwa milingo kumatha kulumikizidwa ndi matenda opatsirana kapena autoimmune ndipo kumatha kuwonetsa chiwopsezo chomwe chingakhale chotupa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-01-2023