Khansara ya m'mimba ndiyomwe imapezeka kwambiri pakati pa zotupa zam'mimba padziko lonse lapansi.Komabe, ndi matenda omwe angapewedwe komanso ochiritsika.Pokhala ndi moyo wathanzi, kukayezetsa nthawi zonse, ndi kufufuza matenda mwamsanga ndi chithandizo, tingathe kuthana ndi matendawa.Tsopano tikupatseni tsatanetsatane pa mafunso asanu ndi anayi ofunikira kuti akuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino khansa ya m'mimba.
1. Kodi khansa ya m'mimba imasiyana malinga ndi mtundu, dera, ndi zaka?
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zaposachedwa za khansa yapadziko lonse lapansi mu 2020, China idanenanso kuti pali anthu pafupifupi 4.57 miliyoni omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mimba.pafupifupi 480,000 milandu, kapena 10.8%, kukhala pakati pa atatu pamwamba.Khansara ya m'mimba imasonyeza kusiyana koonekeratu ponena za fuko ndi dera.Dera lakum'mawa kwa Asia ndi dera lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mimba, pomwe China, Japan, ndi South Korea ndi pafupifupi 70% ya milandu yonse padziko lonse lapansi.Izi zimatheka chifukwa cha zinthu monga chibadwa, kudya zakudya zokazinga ndi zokazinga, komanso kuchuluka kwa fodya m'derali.Ku China, khansa ya m'mimba imapezeka m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe ali ndi zakudya zambiri zamchere, komanso m'katikati ndi m'munsi mwa mtsinje wa Yangtze komanso madera osauka kwambiri.
Ponena za msinkhu, pafupifupi khansa ya m'mimba imayamba pakati pa zaka 55 ndi 60.Pazaka khumi zapitazi, chiwopsezo cha khansa ya m'mimba ku China chakhalabe chokhazikika, ndikuwonjezeka pang'ono.Komabe, chiŵerengero cha zochitika pakati pa achichepere chakhala chikukwera mofulumira, kuposa avareji ya dziko.Kuphatikiza apo, matenda awa nthawi zambiri amapezeka ngati khansa ya m'mimba, yomwe imabweretsa zovuta zachipatala.
2. Kodi khansa ya m'mimba imakhala ndi zotupa za precancerous?Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi ziti?
Ma polyps a m'mimba, atrophic gastritis osatha, komanso m'mimba yotsalira ndizomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mimba.Kukula kwa khansa ya m'mimba ndi njira zambiri, multilevel, ndi multistage.Kumayambiriro kwa khansa ya m'mimba,Odwala nthawi zambiri sawonetsa zizindikiro zowoneka bwino, kapena amangomva kusapeza bwino kumtunda kwamimba,atypical cham`mimba ululu, kusafuna kudya, kutupa, kutupa, ndipo nthawi zina, chimbudzi chakuda kapena kusanza magazi.Zizindikiro zikayamba kuonekera kwambiri,kusonyeza zapakati mpaka zopita patsogolo za khansa ya m'mimba, odwala akhoza kutaya thupi mosadziwika bwino, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi,hypoalbuminemia (kuchepa kwa mapuloteni m'magazi)edema,kupweteka kwa m'mimba kosalekeza, kusanza magazi, ndichimbudzi chakuda, mwa ena.
3. Kodi anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mimba angadziwike bwanji msanga?
Mbiri ya banja la zotupa: Ngati pali zotupa za m'mimba kapena zotupa zina m'mibadwo iwiri kapena itatu ya achibale, mwayi wokhala ndi khansa ya m'mimba ndi waukulu.Njira yovomerezeka ndikuyezetsa chotupa chaukadaulo zaka 10-15 m'mbuyomu kuposa zaka zomaliza za wachibale aliyense yemwe ali ndi khansa.Kwa khansa ya m'mimba, kuyesa kwa gastroscopy kuyenera kuchitika zaka zitatu zilizonse, monga momwe dokotala akulangizira.Mwachitsanzo, ngati wachinyamata wam'banja yemwe ali ndi khansa ali ndi zaka 55, kuyezetsa koyamba kwa gastroscopy kuyenera kuchitika ali ndi zaka 40.
Anthu omwe akhala akusuta fodya, kumwa mowa, amakonda zakudya zotentha, zokazinga, zokazinga, komanso kumwa kwambiri zakudya zamchere ayenera kusintha nthawi yomweyo zizolowezi zoipazi, chifukwa zimatha kuwononga kwambiri m'mimba.
Odwala omwe ali ndi zilonda zam'mimba, gastritis yosatha, ndi matenda ena am'mimba ayenera kufunafuna chithandizo mwachangu kuti matenda asapitirire komanso kukayezetsa kuchipatala nthawi zonse.
4. Kodi matenda a gastritis ndi zilonda zam'mimba zimatha kuyambitsa khansa ya m'mimba?
Matenda ena am'mimba ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mimba ndipo ayenera kuganiziridwa mozama.Komabe, kukhala ndi matenda a m’mimba sikutanthauza kuti munthu adzakhala ndi khansa ya m’mimba.Zilonda zam'mimba zimagwirizanitsidwa bwino ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa.Matenda a gastritis a nthawi yayitali komanso aakulu, makamaka ngati akuwonetsa zizindikiro za atrophy, metaplasia ya m'mimba, kapena atypical hyperplasia, amafunika kuyang'anitsitsa.Ndikofunika kusiya nthawi yomweyo zizolowezi zoipa mongakuyimitsa kusuta, kuchepetsa kumwa mowa, komanso kupewa zakudya zokazinga komanso zamchere wambiri.Kuphatikiza apo, amalangizidwa kuti azikayezetsa pafupipafupi pachaka ndi katswiri wam'mimba kuti awone momwe zinthu zilili ndikuganizira malingaliro monga gastroscopy kapena mankhwala.
5. Kodi pali ubale pakati pa Helicobacter pylori ndi khansa ya m'mimba?
Helicobacter pylori ndi mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'mimba, ndipo amagwirizana ndi mtundu wina wa khansa ya m'mimba.Ngati munthu ali ndi kachilombo ka Helicobacter pylori komanso ali ndi matenda aakulu a m'mimba monga gastritis kapena zilonda zam'mimba, chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mimba chimawonjezeka.Kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala munthawi yake ndikofunikira kwambiri pazochitika zotere.Kuphatikiza pa munthu wokhudzidwayo yemwe akulandira chithandizo, achibale akuyeneranso kuyezetsa magazi ndikuganiziranso chithandizo chamgwirizano ngati kuli kofunikira.
6. Kodi pali njira ina yopweteka kwambiri kuposa gastroscopy?
Zowonadi, kuchita gastroscopy popanda njira zochepetsera ululu kungakhale kovuta.Komabe, pankhani yozindikira khansa ya m'mimba, gastroscopy ndiyo njira yothandiza kwambiri.Njira zina zodziwira matenda sizingazindikire khansa ya m'mimba adakali aang'ono, zomwe zingakhudze kwambiri mwayi wopeza chithandizo chabwino.
Ubwino wa gastroscopy ndikuti umalola madokotala kuwona m'mimba mwachindunji mwa kuyika chubu chopyapyala, chosinthika kudzera kummero ndikugwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo kakang'ono ngati kamera.Izi zimawathandiza kuti azitha kuona m'mimba momveka bwino komanso kuti asaphonye kusintha kosaoneka bwino.Zizindikiro zoyamba za khansa ya m'mimba zimatha kukhala zobisika kwambiri, zofanana ndi kachigamba kakang'ono pa dzanja lathu lomwe tingathe kunyalanyaza, koma pangakhale kusintha pang'ono pamtundu wa mimba.Ngakhale ma CT scans ndi othandizira kusiyanitsa amatha kuzindikira zovuta zina zazikulu zam'mimba, mwina sangazindikire kusintha kobisika kotere.Chifukwa chake, kwa iwo omwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti adutse gastroscopy, ndikofunikira kuti musazengereze.
7. Kodi mulingo wagolide wa matenda a khansa ya m'mimba ndi chiyani?
Gastroscopy ndi pathological biopsy ndiye muyezo wagolide wozindikira khansa ya m'mimba.Izi zimapereka qualitative diagnosis, yotsatiridwa ndi staging.Opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation, chemotherapy, ndi chithandizo chothandizira ndi njira zazikulu zothandizira khansa ya m'mimba.Opaleshoni ndiye chithandizo choyambirira cha khansa ya m'mimba yoyambilira, ndipo chithandizo chamagulu ambiri pano chimatengedwa ngati njira yotsogola kwambiri yothandizira khansa ya m'mimba.Kutengera momwe wodwalayo alili, kukula kwa matenda, ndi zina, gulu la akatswiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana limapanga dongosolo la chithandizo chamunthu payekha, lomwe limafunikira makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zovuta.Ngati siteji ndi matenda a wodwalayo ali bwino, mankhwala akhoza kuchitidwa molingana ndi malangizo oyenera a khansa ya m'mimba.
8. Kodi munthu ayenera kupeza bwanji chithandizo chamankhwala cha khansa ya m'mimba mwasayansi?
Kusakhazikika kwamankhwala kumatha kuyambitsa kukula kwa maselo otupa ndikuwonjezera zovuta za chithandizo chotsatira.Kuzindikira koyambirira komanso kulandira chithandizo ndikofunikira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mimba, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala kuchokera ku dipatimenti yapadera ya oncology.Pambuyo pomuyeza bwinobwino, dokotala adzaunika mmene wodwalayo alili n’kumupatsa malangizo amene ayenera kukambirana ndi wodwalayo komanso achibale awo asanasankhe zochita.Odwala ambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa ndipo amafuna kuti adziwe matenda ake lero ndi opaleshoni mawa.Sangadikire pamzere kuti akapimidwe kapena kugona m'chipatala.Komabe, kuti mulandire chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu, kupita kuzipatala zosadziwika bwino komanso zomwe si akatswiri kuti mukalandire chithandizo chanthawi zonse zitha kukhala pachiwopsezo pakuwongolera matendawa.
Khansa ya m'mimba ikapezeka, nthawi zambiri imakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali.Pokhapokha ngati pali zovuta zazikulu monga kubowola, kutuluka magazi, kapena kutsekeka, palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa kuti kuchedwa kuchitidwa opaleshoni yachangu kumathandizira kukula kwa chotupa.M’chenicheni, kulola nthaŵi yokwanira kwa madokotala kuti amvetse bwino mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, kuunika kulolera kwawo kwakuthupi, ndi kusanthula mikhalidwe ya chotupacho n’kofunika kwambiri kuti chithandizo chitheke.
9. Kodi mawu akuti “gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala amawopa imfa,” tiyenera kuwaona motani?
Mawu awa akukokomeza mopambanitsa.Kunena zoona, khansa si yoopsa monga momwe tingaganizire.Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi khansa ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wabwino.Pambuyo pa matenda a khansa, m'pofunika kusintha maganizo a munthu ndi kulankhulana bwino ndi odwala omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo.Kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo atalandira chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mimba, achibale ndi anzawo sayenera kuwaona ngati anthu osalimba, kuwaletsa kuchita chilichonse.Njira imeneyi ingapangitse odwala kumva ngati kuti phindu lawo silikudziwika.
Mlingo wochiza khansa ya m'mimba
Kuchiza kwa khansa ya m'mimba ku China ndi pafupifupi 30%, yomwe si yotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya khansa.Kwa khansa ya m'mimba yoyambirira, machiritso nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi 80% mpaka 90%.Kwa gawo II, nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi 70% mpaka 80%.Komabe, pofika gawo lachitatu, lomwe limawonedwa kuti lapita patsogolo, chiwopsezo cha machiritso chimatsikira pafupifupi 30%, ndipo pagawo IV, ndi ochepera 10%.
Pankhani ya malo, khansa ya m'mimba ya distal ili ndi chiwopsezo chokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi khansa ya m'mimba ya proximal.Khansara ya m'mimba ya distal imatanthawuza khansa yomwe ili pafupi ndi pylorus, pamene khansa ya m'mimba imatanthawuza khansa yomwe ili pafupi ndi cardia kapena m'mimba.Signet ring cell carcinoma ndiyovuta kuizindikira ndipo imakonda kukhala metastasize, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti machiritso achepetse.
Choncho, m’pofunika kuti munthu asamachite kusintha kulikonse m’thupi, kukayezetsa magazi nthawi zonse, ndiponso kuti apeze chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga ngati akukumana ndi vuto la m’mimba.Ngati ndi kotheka, gastroscopy iyenera kuchitidwa.Odwala omwe adalandira chithandizo cha endoscopic m'mbuyomu ayeneranso kutsatiridwa pafupipafupi ndi katswiri wam'mimba ndikutsata upangiri wachipatala pakuwunika kwa gastroscopy nthawi ndi nthawi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-10-2023